Infiltrative cervical cancer

Classification of infiltrative cervical cancer

1. Depending on the histological nature of the cervical epithelial cells:

• No keratinization of the cervix
• Malignant cells are large and oval in shape. There are no signs of keratinization.
• Infiltrative cancer with keratinization
• The epithelial cells are keratinized, become abnormally large, and have an uneven structure.

2. Depending on the degree of differentiation:

• highly differentiated;
  moderately differentiated;
  low-differentiated.

Stages of infiltrative cervical cancer

T - primary tumor

T is - pre-invasive stage cancer.
T 1 - cancer localized in the cervix.
T 1a - preclinically invasive cervical cancer with the possibility of histological diagnosis only
T 1b is a clinically invasive cancer.
T 2 - malignant processes spread beyond the cervix with infiltration into the vagina, but do not reach the pelvic wall.
T 2a - tumor cells spread to the vaginal area or uterine body.
T 2b - the cancer infiltrates the medial parts of the parametrial tissue with or without involvement of the uterus, vagina.
T3 - cancer reaches the lower third of the vagina, infiltrates the parametrial tissue to the pelvic wall.
T 3a - cancer cells spread to the lower third of the vagina without affecting the parametric tissue.
T 3b - cancer infiltrates the pelvic wall with or without spread to the vagina.
T4 - cancer that spreads beyond the pelvis and invades the mucous membrane of the rectum or bladder.
N - regional lymph nodes

During the surgical treatment of cervical cancer, the affected lymph nodes are removed for further histological analysis and assessment of the body's metastases.

N 0 - there are no signs of lymph node metastases.
N 1 - X-ray analysis of the pelvic lymph nodes indicates the presence of metastases
N 2 - by palpation, inflamed dense lymph nodes under the pelvic walls are determined.

M - metastases outside the pelvic organs

M 0 - no signs of distant metastases.
M 1 - there are distant metastases outside the pelvic area.