Treatment of male infertility
It's time to become a father!
New medical technologies at the IVMED clinic effectively help in the most difficult cases of male infertility treatment.
IVMED Clinic is a..:
- 7 types of semen tests in the andrology laboratory
- 12 accurate methods for diagnosing the male factor of infertility
- 5 effective methods of surgical sperm retrieval
- 95% effectiveness of azoospermia treatment
If you really want to have a son or daughter, you can overcome male infertility by simply taking the first step!
Procedures for men at IVMED
Treatment of infertility in men
Approximately 30% of couples who are sexually active without contraceptives wait three months or more for a new addition to their family. Another 60% of couples wait more than seven months for a replenishment. Only 10% of couples have a successful conception after almost a year of trying to conceive.
Doctors advise to consult a reproductive specialist if a woman has no pregnancy after a year of active sexual activity. At the same time, there are separate examination protocols for both partners.
Before the introduction of modern assisted reproductive technologies, it was mistakenly assumed that the reason for the absence of pregnancy lies in the woman’s condition. Today, according to statistics, about 40-45% of infertility cases are male infertility. Therefore, reproductive specialists advise men to undergo an examination to determine the causes of infertility.
Causes of male infertility in men
Male infertility can occur for a variety of reasons that affect the quantity and quality of sperm, their motility, or the process of sperm delivery. The main causes of male infertility include:
- Anatomical abnormalities of the male genitalia (for example, hypospadias or obstruction of the vas deferens)
- Sexual and ejaculatory dysfunction (impotence, retrograde ejaculation)
- Endocrine hypothalamic-pituitary pathologies leading to disorders of spermatogenesis (hyperprolactinemia, hypogonadotropic hyponadism, etc.)
- Inflammatory and infectious diseases (e.g., chronic prostatitis)
- Disorders of spermatogenesis due to genetic diseases
- Immunological disorders (the presence of autoimmune antibodies to sperm)
- Varicoceles
- Disorders of spermatogenesis due to the influence of exogenous factors (radiation and chemotherapy, medication, alcohol, etc.)
In cases where the cause of infertility cannot be established, the reproductive specialist diagnoses idiopathic infertility.
What are the signs of infertility in men?
A man’s reproductive potential is directly related to the quality and health of his sperm. Fertility is determined not only by quantitative indicators, but also by the functional characteristics of sperm. Normally, one milliliter of ejaculate contains from 60 to 120 million sperm. This production process is activated during puberty, when the body begins to produce approximately 1,000 sperm per second. However, various diseases or negative external factors can significantly disrupt spermatogenesis.
The diagnosis of male infertility is made when a couple has regular unprotected sexual intercourse for 12 months without pregnancy, or when a man is diagnosed with pathologies that directly prevent conception. Timely detection of infertility is critical for reproductive medicine, as it allows specialists to immediately begin therapeutic measures aimed at restoring fertility and helping couples achieve the desired pregnancy.
However, some signs may indicate potential fertility problems:
- Erection and ejaculation disorders
- Changes in ejaculate volume
- Pain or swelling in the testicular area
- Decreased sex drive
- Problems with sexual function
- Anomalies in the development of the genitals
- Recurrent respiratory infections (may indicate abnormalities of sperm cilia)
If any of these signs are present, a consultation with a reproductive medicine specialist is recommended to diagnose male infertility.
Types of male infertility
Male infertility is divided into several types depending on the causes and mechanisms of development:
- Secretory (non-obstructive) infertility – impaired sperm formation in the testicles
- Obstructive infertility – impaired patency of the vas deferens
- Immunological infertility – presence of antisperm antibodies
- Idiopathic infertility – the causes are not established, despite a detailed examination
- Absolute infertility – complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia)
- Relative infertility – Reduced sperm count and quality (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia)
Symptoms of male infertility
As a rule, there are no symptoms of male infertility. A man learns about a low level of fertility at an appointment with an andrologist or reproductive specialist after starting treatment for male infertility and the necessary examinations.
There are several indirect factors of male infertility: a small amount of ejaculate, problems with potency, pain during intercourse.
Male infertility is increasingly associated with disorders of the formation and maturity of germ cells (gametes), i.e. their ability to fertilize an egg.
Methods of diagnosing infertility in men
Spermogram is a fundamental diagnostic tool in the study of male infertility, which allows for a comprehensive assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of ejaculate:
- Sperm concentration: the physiological range is from 15 to 200 million spermatozoa per milliliter of ejaculate, a significant deviation from these values may indicate a violation of spermatogenesis.
- Morphological parametersA detailed analysis of the structural structure of spermatozoa, since deformities of the head, neck, or tail can significantly reduce fertilization capacity.
- Motility.Determining the percentage of progressively motile, sedentary, and immobile spermatozoa, which directly affects their ability to reach the egg.
- Ejaculate volumeNormal values are 1.5-5 ml, deviations in either direction may indicate pathological processes in the reproductive system.
In-depth diagnostics of male infertility includes:
- Examination of urethral secretionsIdentification of infectious agents that adversely affect the quality of sperm and their fertilizing potential.
- Hormonal profilingA comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the endocrine system, including levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin and estradiol.
- Ultrasound scanning of pelvic organs and scrotumdetection of structural anomalies, varicocele, tumors and other pathological changes in the reproductive organs.
- Advanced ejaculate analyticsincludes an assessment of sperm maturity, genetic material, and the level of oxidative stress affecting DNA integrity.
Chromosomal and genetic screeningIdentification of hereditary mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and immunological factors that may cause infertility.
Treatment of infertility in men
Approach to to the treatment of infertility in men depends on the identified causes and may include conservative or surgical methods, as well as the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
Conservative treatment of male infertility
- Hormonal therapy – prescription of drugs to normalize hormonal balance
- Antibacterial therapy – treatment of infectious diseases of the genital organs
- Antioxidant therapy – intake of vitamins and minerals to improve sperm quality
- Physiotherapy – methods of physical influence to improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs
- Immunomodulatory therapy – for the treatment of immunological infertility
Conservative methods are most effective in the early stages of the disease and are often the first step in the treatment of male infertility.
Surgical treatment
- Varicocelectomy – Surgical treatment of varicocele (enlarged testicular veins)
- Vasovasostomy – restoration of patency of the vas deferens
- Epididymovasostomy – Surgical connection of the epididymis with the vas deferens
- Removal of epididymal cysts
- Surgical treatment of cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Innovative methods of treating male infertility
- Microsurgical extraction of sperm from the testicle (MESA, TESE) – to obtain spermatozoa in case of azoospermia
- Laser therapy – stimulation of spermatogenesis
- Stem cells – experimental methods of restoring testicular function
- Gene therapy – correction of genetic defects affecting spermatogenesis
ICSI procedure for the treatment of male infertility
ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is one of the most effective methods of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for the treatment of severe forms of male infertility in clinic IVMED.
ICSI makes it possible to achieve fertilization even with a significant decrease in the number and quality of sperm, which makes this method indispensable in the treatment of severe forms of male infertility.
Reproductive health is worthy of attention. Do not hesitate, sign up for a consultation now
Why choose IVMED?
Diagnostic tests, the choice of treatment, medications, programs - everything is adapted to your individual indicators and circumstances.
