Treatment of male infertility
New medical technologies at the IVMED clinic effectively help in the most difficult cases of male infertility treatment.
IVMED Clinic is a..:
- 7 types of semen tests in the andrology laboratory
- 12 accurate methods for diagnosing the male factor of infertility
- 5 effective methods of surgical sperm retrieval
- 95% effectiveness of azoospermia treatment
Treatment of infertility in men
Approximately 30% of couples who are sexually active without contraceptives wait three months or more for a new addition to their family. Another 60% of couples wait more than seven months for a new addition. Only 10% of couples have a successful conception after almost a year of trying to conceive.
Doctors advise to see a reproductive specialist if a woman has no pregnancy after a year of active sexual activity. There are separate examination protocols for both partners.
Before the introduction of modern assisted reproductive technologies, it was mistakenly assumed that the reason for the absence of pregnancy lies in the woman’s condition. Today, according to statistics, about 40-45% of infertility cases are caused by male infertility. Therefore, reproductive specialists advise men to undergo an examination to determine the causes of infertility.
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Causes of male infertility in men
Male infertility can occur for a variety of reasons that affect the quantity and quality of sperm, their motility, or the process of sperm delivery. The main causes of male infertility include:
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In cases where the cause of infertility cannot be established, the reproductive specialist diagnoses idiopathic infertility.
What are the signs of infertility in men?
A man’s reproductive potential is directly related to the quality and health of his sperm. Fertility is determined not only by quantitative indicators, but also by the functional characteristics of sperm. Normally, one milliliter of ejaculate contains from 60 to 120 million sperm. This production process is activated during puberty, when the body begins to produce approximately 1,000 sperm per second. However, various diseases or negative external factors can significantly disrupt spermatogenesis.
The diagnosis of male infertility is made when a couple has regular unprotected sexual intercourse for 12 months without pregnancy, or when a man is diagnosed with pathologies that directly prevent conception. Timely detection of infertility is critical for reproductive medicine, as it allows specialists to immediately begin therapeutic measures aimed at restoring fertility and helping couples achieve the desired pregnancy.
However, some signs may indicate potential fertility problems:
Erection and ejaculation disorders
Pain or swelling in the testicular area
Problems with sexual function
Recurrent respiratory infections (may indicate abnormalities of sperm cilia)
Changes in ejaculate volume
Decreased sex drive
Anomalies in the development of the genitals
If any of these signs are present, a consultation with a reproductive medicine specialist is recommended to diagnose male infertility.
Types of male infertility
Male infertility is divided into several types depending on the causes and mechanisms of development:
impaired sperm formation in the testicles
impaired patency of the urinary tract
the presence of antisperm antibodies
the causes are not established, despite a detailed examination
complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate (azoospermia)
Reduced sperm count and quality (oligoasthenoteratozoospermia)
Symptoms of male infertility
As a rule, there are no symptoms of male infertility. A man learns about a low level of fertility at an appointment with an andrologist or reproductive specialist after the start of male infertility treatment and the necessary examinations.
There are several indirect factors of male infertility: a small amount of ejaculate, problems with potency, pain during intercourse.
Male infertility is increasingly associated with disorders of the formation and maturity of germ cells (gametes), i.e. their ability to fertilize an egg.
Methods of diagnosing infertility in men
A spermogram is a fundamental diagnostic tool in the study of male infertility, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of ejaculate:
the physiological range ranges from 15 to 200 million spermatozoa per milliliter of ejaculate, a significant deviation from these values may indicate a violation of spermatogenesis.
A detailed analysis of the structural structure of spermatozoa, as deformities of the head, neck, or tail can significantly reduce fertilization capacity.
determination of the percentage of progressively mobile, sedentary, and immobile spermatozoa, which directly affects their ability to reach the egg.
Normal values are 1.5-5 ml, deviations in either direction may indicate pathological processes in the reproductive system.
In-depth diagnostics of male infertility includes:
identification of infectious agents that negatively affect the quality of sperm and their fertilizing potential.
Comprehensive assessment of the functional state of the endocrine system, including levels of testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin and estradiol.
detection of structural abnormalities, varicocele, tumors and other pathological changes in the reproductive organs.
includes an assessment of the degree of sperm maturity, their genetic material, and the level of oxidative stress affecting DNA integrity.
Identification of hereditary mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and immunological factors that may cause infertility.
Treatment of infertility in men
Approach to to the treatment of infertility in men depends on the identified causes and may include conservative or surgical methods, as well as the use of assisted reproductive technologies.
Conservative treatment of male infertility
Hormone therapy - prescription of drugs to normalize hormonal balance
Antibacterial therapy - treatment of infectious diseases of the genital organs
Antioxidant therapy - taking vitamins and minerals to improve sperm quality
Physiotherapy - methods of physical influence to improve blood circulation in the pelvic organs
Immunomodulatory therapy - for the treatment of immunological infertility
Conservative methods are most effective in the early stages of the disease and are often the first step in the treatment of male infertility.
Surgical treatment
Varicocelectomy - surgical treatment of varicose veins (dilated testicular veins)
Vasovasostomy - restoration of the patency of the vas deferens
Epididymovasostomy - surgical connection of the epididymis with the vas deferens
Removal of epididymal cysts
Surgical treatment of cryptorchidism (undescended testicles)
Innovative methods of treating male infertility
to obtain spermatozoa in case of azoospermia
stimulation of spermatogenesis
experimental methods of restoring testicular function
Correction of genetic defects affecting spermatogenesis
ICSI ( intracytoplasmic sperm injection) is one of the most effective methods of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for the treatment of severe forms of male infertility at the IVMED clinic .
ICSI makes it possible to achieve fertilization even with a significant decrease in the number and quality of sperm, which makes this method indispensable in the treatment of severe forms of male infertility.
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