FISH – diagnostics of spermatozoa

FISH - diagnostics of spermatozoa

FISH semen analysis is performed to diagnose the genetic factor of male infertility. This is an expert diagnosis of chromosome set in male germ cells using fluorescent probes.

Using the method, you can:

to detect changes in the number of chromosomes in the nuclei of male gametes;
determine the frequency of sperm with chromosomal abnormalities.

In this case, the object of analysis is not the morphological characteristics of the sperm, but their genetic (chromosomal) component.

The FISH method can determine whether the chromosome set of sperm is normal, that is, whether there is a set of 23 chromosomes characteristic of a sperm.

Interesting facts:

15% of men suffering from infertility have a genetic factor;
About 2000 genes control the normal development and maintenance of reproductive function in men.

The worse the sperm quality up to azoospermia, the higher the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in sperm.

Spermatozoa with chromosomal abnormalities can participate in fertilization and cause the formation of an embryo with a karyotype disorder, unsuccessful implantation and fetal malformations.

Indications for use

the man's age is over 45;
spermatogenesis disorders (oligozoospermia, azoospermia, teratozoospermia);
primary or secondary male infertility;
miscarriages, early miscarriages, and frozen pregnancies in couples;
cases of pregnancy with fetal chromosomal abnormalities;
numerous unsuccessful attempts at in vitro fertilization;
patients living in unfavorable environmental regions or working in hazardous industries;
cancer patients after chemotherapy.

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Advantages of the procedure

FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization ) is a molecular cytogenetic method that identifies a specific chromosome or part of a chromosome in the material under study.

FISH allows analyzing chromosomal abnormalities in the nuclei of not only metaphase cells, but also interphase somatic and germ cells (spermatozoa).

13, 18, 21, X and Y chromosomes are examined during FISH analysis of semen.

Algorithm for managing couples in the IVMED clinic with increased levels of aneuploidy during FISH diagnostics of sperm nuclei:
from 1 to 2% - correction of folate metabolism.

from 2.1 to 5% - conducting infertility treatment programs using ICSI with the selection of morphologically normal spermatozoa at high magnification (IMSI).

from 5.1 to 10% - in vitro fertilization programs using ICSI with the use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis of PGD.

more than 10% - deciding on the use of donor sperm.

Preparation and course of the procedure

Simple recommendations that will allow you to get accurate and reliable results:

abstain from sexual intercourse and masturbation at least 3 days before the exam, but no more than 7 days before;
7 days before the biospecimen is submitted, refuse to drink all types of alcohol;
Quit smoking 3 hours before the biospecimen is submitted;
do not take hot baths, visit saunas or steam rooms 10 days before the delivery of the biomaterial;
If you take medications on a regular basis, especially if they include sedatives and antidepressants, please inform the IVMED clinic medical staff before you decide to take a spermogram. This is necessary to record this information in the study protocol.

Features of the procedure

Masturbation is the ideal method for collecting a semen analysis.
It is not recommended to collect semen during interrupted sexual intercourse.
It is not recommended to collect semen from a used condom. Close contact with the latex material and lubricant in the condom can reduce the active functions of sperm and cause inaccurate diagnostic results.
It is recommended to keep the temperature in the range of 18 -25 C during all stages of sample collection and storage.
If the temperature changes or goes beyond the critical values, this will also affect the active functions of the sperm and cause inaccurate test results.
The World Health Organization and IVMED clinic specialists advise to donate sperm in the clinic so that diagnostics of the donated material can begin immediately after the ejaculate is donated.

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