Cervical cancer is a malignant neoplasm. In today's world, it is diagnosed in women of all ages and ranks fourth in prevalence after malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, and mammary glands.
Most often, malignant tumors develop against the background of such conditions:
In the initial stages, the tumor damages only the uterine wall, after which it gradually grows into the surrounding tissues and organs. With the flow of lymph, tumor cells can be transferred to nearby lymph nodes with the formation of metastases.
The main symptoms of the disease include the following:
At risk are women who started having sex before the age of 16. The disease is also often diagnosed in women who have unregular sexual partners, have had early pregnancies, abortions and childbirth, and untreated genital diseases. Bad habits and prolonged use of hormonal drugs also contribute to the development of the disease.
In the initial stages, the disease is diagnosed by histological examination of biological material. Also, during the examination, the gynecologist conducts a manual examination of the vagina, using special mirrors to examine the vagina. Using an optical device - a colposcope - a more detailed examination of the condition of all surfaces of the cervix is carried out.
It is recommended to perform a cytological examination of a smear taken from the surface of the cervix once a year.
In some cases, ultrasound or MRI of the abdominal cavity and pelvic organs is performed to clarify the diagnosis in order to determine the condition of the lymph nodes.
Numerous medical studies have confirmed the relationship between the disease and the human papillomavirus, which is diagnosed in all cancer patients. In most cases, the development of the disease is influenced by papillomaviruses of types 16 and 18.
The disease is treated comprehensively. It usually includes surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. An individualized regimen is developed for each patient, taking into account the course of the disease, the presence of concomitant health problems, and the condition of the cervix.
During surgery, the tumor can be removed both up to a part of the cervix and completely with the cervix and uterus. Lymph nodes are often removed if cancer cells are found in them.
After surgery, women undergo specially selected radiation therapy and are prescribed medications that can stop the growth of cancer cells. When cervical cancer is detected at an early stage, the prognosis is very favorable and the disease can be cured with surgical methods alone.
To prevent the development of the disease, doctors recommend that you regularly undergo tests that allow you to timely detect and treat sexually transmitted diseases, not to start sexual activity before the age of 16-18, limit the number of partners, give up bad habits and lead an active lifestyle.
The success of the treatment of the disease directly depends on the patient's age, the stage at which it was diagnosed, as well as the competence of the selection of therapy. In the early stages, the disease can be eliminated through minimally invasive surgery, which is why timely diagnosis by experienced and qualified medical professionals is so important.
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