Головна > Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial biopsy

Endometrial biopsy is a procedure for taking samples of the internal mucous membrane of the uterine body for further histological examination, PCR diagnostics or immunohistochemical studies. A biopsy is considered the most reliable method of research to determine the cellular composition of modified tissues.

The doctor can perform the procedure using ultrasound technology or hysteroscopy (using a telescopic instrument with illumination).

The word "biopsy" is composed of two ancient Greek words: βίος, as life, and ὄψις, as appearance. A biopsy allows to diagnose endometrial hyperplasia, atrophy, adenomatosis, malignant degeneration, etc.

To ensure maximum comfort during the procedure, women are prescribed general anesthesia using individually selected drugs.

Indications for endometrial biopsy

An endometrial biopsy is a mandatory method of confirming a preliminary diagnosis in case of suspected development of an oncological process in the uterine cavity.

There are other indications for endometrial biopsy. These include:

benign formations on the mucous membrane (polyps);
hyperplasia (excessive growth of the uterine lining);
removal of the remains of the fetal egg after a medical abortion;
chronic endometritis, endometriosis or adenomyosis;
menstrual irregularities, pain during the menstrual cycle;
abnormal bloody discharge from the uterus;
problems with conception, pregnancy termination, preparation for IVF.
The procedure is contraindicated in case of acute inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, anemia, pregnancy, purulent cervicitis, blood clotting problems, and STDs.

Benefits of endometrial biopsy

Provides accurate information about the presence/absence of cancer processes.
Allows you to identify pathology at an early stage.
It makes it possible to identify the nature of neoplasms.
It does not cause discomfort, as it is performed with anesthesia.
A minimally invasive procedure that is safe for women in general.
Minimum recovery period.
It is performed on an outpatient basis.
Painless and non-traumatic nature of some types of biopsy.
Short procedure duration (2-3 minutes).

Preparation and/or course of the procedure

Before an endometrial biopsy, women undergo the necessary tests: coagulogram, complete blood count, and tests for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B and C. The list of tests is prescribed by a reproductive specialist or obstetrician-gynecologist. Ultrasound screening and gynecological examination with mirrors are mandatory.

Before performing the procedure, if general anesthesia is required, an anesthesiologist is consulted.

Before taking tissue samples, it is necessary to avoid sexual intercourse, do not take anticoagulants. Women should not douche or use tampons.

Features and interesting facts

Stages of the procedure:

The tube is gradually inserted into the uterine cavity.
The piston is pulled back to create a vacuum.
Endometrial samples are gently pulled through the holes in the tube.
The obtained tissue samples are sent to the laboratory for examination.
A classic sample was taken using a curette. Today, experts replace the metal tube with a flexible plastic (pipeline) tube. This technology minimized the risk of damage to the uterine walls.

All procedures

Pregnancy management and preimplantation diagnostics

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