{"id":33331,"date":"2024-04-07T19:38:38","date_gmt":"2024-04-07T16:38:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/vagitnist\/diagnosis-of-the-2nd-trimester-of-pregnancy\/"},"modified":"2024-06-28T13:49:55","modified_gmt":"2024-06-28T10:49:55","slug":"diagnosis-of-the-2nd-trimester-of-pregnancy","status":"publish","type":"vagitnist","link":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/vagitnist\/diagnosis-of-the-2nd-trimester-of-pregnancy\/","title":{"rendered":"Diagnosis of the 2nd trimester of pregnancy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Comprehensive diagnostics of the mother’s body in the second trimester of gestation.<\/p>\n\n

It includes diagnostic procedures aimed at assessing the speed of the baby’s development by comparing the gestational age according to the protocols of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n

The second trimester of pregnancy lasts from 14 to 21<\/strong> weeks of gestation<\/p>\n\n

In medicine, screening <\/strong>means identifying risk groups of pregnant women who may need a more detailed examination.<\/p>\n\n

Screening is performed at 16-18 weeks<\/strong> of pregnancy<\/p>\n\n

Why undergo diagnostics in the second trimester?<\/h2>\n\n

Since the risk of having a baby with various anomalies at the chromosomal and gene levels is always present, ultrasound and biochemical analysis is recommended for all pregnant women.<\/p>\n\n

The specialists of the IVMED Family Source clinic have compiled a group of factors that require an examination:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • The age of the future mother is 35 years and older, the future father is 45 years and older<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Identified genetic diseases in family members<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Children with chromosomal and genetic defects were born<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • There was also a history of pregnancy failure or miscarriage<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • A pregnant woman suffered infectious diseases in the early stages of pregnancy when she took illegal drugs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    What is included in the second trimester diagnostics?<\/h2>\n\n
      \n
    • Triple test<\/strong> – biochemical analysis of biological material (blood) for the level of AFP, hCG and estriol<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ultrasound of the fetus<\/strong> – assesses the appearance, condition of internal organs, especially the placenta and chorion (amniotic fluid)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Cordocentesis <\/strong> – additional analysis of amniotic fluid (if indicated)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

      Reference values of AFP<\/h2>\n\n

      AFP <\/strong> is a protein compound that is produced in the organs of the fetal gastrointestinal tract.<\/p>\n\n

      A reduced AFP may indicate the following pathologies:<\/p>\n\n

        \n
      • Down syndrome<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Edwards syndrome<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Fetal death<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Incorrect determination of pregnancy duration<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

        Increased AFP:<\/p>\n\n

          \n
        • Malformations of the nervous system in the fetus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Nonunion of the anterior abdominal wall<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Umbilical hernia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Meckel’s syndrome<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Esophageal atresia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Fetal liver necrosis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Weeks of pregnancy<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNormal values of AFP, U\/ml<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          13-15<\/span><\/td>\n15-60<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15-19<\/span><\/td>\n15-95<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          20-24<\/span><\/td>\n27-125<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

          Reference values of hCG<\/h2>\n\n

          At 15-25 weeks of pregnancy, hCG levels are normal: 10000-35000 mIU \/ ml<\/p>\n\n

          Reference values for estriol<\/h2>\n\n

          Free estriol<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

          is a hormonal substance produced in the placenta and liver of the fetus. If gestation proceeds normally, the amount of the substance is constantly increasing.<\/p>\n\n

          Low estriol levels may be the reason:<\/p>\n\n

            \n
          • diagnosis of Down syndrome<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • diagnosis of fetoplacental insufficiency<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • high risk of preterm labor<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • infection of the fetus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • fetal anencephaly<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • fetal adrenal hypoplasia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

            Elevated levels of estriol provide grounds for diagnosis:<\/p>\n\n

              \n
            • multiple pregnancy<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • diseases of the urinary system and liver pathologies in pregnant women.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
              Weeks of pregnancy<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nNormal indicators of estriol<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              15-16<\/span><\/td>\n5.4-21,0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              17-18<\/span><\/td>\n6.6-25,0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              19-20<\/span><\/td>\n7,5-28,0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n

              Preparing for the second trimester screening<\/h2>\n\n

              To ensure that the results of ultrasound and biochemical blood test are as objective as possible, doctors strongly recommend following the preparation recommendations:<\/p>\n\n

                \n
              • Dietary regimen: exclude chocolate products, seafood and citrus fruits, fried and fatty foods from the diet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • It is not recommended to eat 12 hours before the biochemical blood test.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • When performing transabdominal ultrasound, it is necessary to fill the bladder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"template":"","kategoriia-vagitnist-prenatalna":[546],"class_list":["post-33331","vagitnist","type-vagitnist","status-publish","hentry","kategoriia-vagitnist-prenatalna-pregnancy-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vagitnist\/33331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/vagitnist"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/vagitnist"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"kategoriia-vagitnist-prenatalna","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ivmed.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/kategoriia-vagitnist-prenatalna?post=33331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}